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Gustav Smith, MD, PhD

Gustav Smith

Associate professor

Gustav Smith, MD, PhD

Current evidence of oral anticoagulant reversal : A systematic review

Author

  • Max Tornkvist
  • J. Gustav Smith
  • Ashkan Labaf

Summary, in English

Introduction Approximately 4–6% of patients treated with oral anticoagulants (OAC) will suffer from major hemorrhage or be in need of urgent surgery necessitating anticoagulant reversal therapy. Several new oral anticoagulants and reversal agents have been introduced that make it difficult for physicians to stay updated on the current evidence of reversal management. This study aims to review the recent literature on oral anticoagulation reversal therapy and to present the current evidence in an easily approachable manner. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and EMBASE to identify the latest publications on both vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) reversal strategies. All studies on humans who received any acute reversal management of VKA treatment were included, except case studies. Since only two studies on acute reversal of DOAC treatment have been published, clinical trials on healthy volunteers were also included. Results Twenty-one studies with a total of 4783 VKA treated patients, and 12 studies with a total of 529 DOAC treated patients were included. Elevated INR values due to VKA treatment could be reversed (INR ≤ 1.5) in 63.1% (95% CI: 61.0–65.2) of study subjects after treatment with 4F-PCC, as compared with 12.2% (95% CI: 8.2–16.2) after treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), (p < 0.001). Thromboembolism occurred in 1.6% (95% CI: 1.2–2.1) of VKA-patients treated with 4F-PCC, and in 4.5% (95% CI: 2.3–6.7) of FFP-treated patients. To date, reversal of laboratory parameters has been demonstrated for two reversal agents specific to DOACs: idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal and andexanet-alfa for factor Xa-inhibitor reversal. Conclusions This review supports the use of PCC for VKA reversal, specifically for 4F-PCC over FFP for laboratory reversal. There are no studies on clinical efficacy of non-specific agents for DOAC reversal and the evidence for laboratory reversal is not consistent.

Department/s

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Epigenetics
  • Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology
  • Heart Failure and Mechanical Support
  • Clinical Coagulation, Malmö
  • EXODIAB: Excellence of Diabetes Research in Sweden
  • EpiHealth: Epidemiology for Health

Publishing year

2018-02-01

Language

English

Pages

22-31

Publication/Series

Thrombosis Research

Volume

162

Document type

Journal article review

Publisher

Elsevier

Topic

  • Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems

Keywords

  • Direct oral anticoagulants
  • Oral anticoagulant
  • Reversal
  • Vitamin K antagonists

Status

Published

Research group

  • Cardiovascular Epigenetics
  • Molecular Epidemiology and Cardiology
  • Heart Failure and Mechanical Support
  • Clinical Coagulation, Malmö

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 0049-3848